Unix Toolbox. Unix Toolbox. This document is a collection of UnixLinuxBSD commands and tasks which are useful for IT work or for advanced users. This is a practical guide with concise explanations, however the reader is supposed to know what she is doing. Hardware Statistics Users Limits Runlevels root password Compile kernel Repair grub Misc. Running kernel and system information. Get the kernel version and BSD version. Full release info of any LSB distribution. Su. SE release Get Su. SE version. cat etcdebianversion Get Debian version. Use etcDISTR release with DISTR lsb Ubuntu, redhat, gentoo, mandrake, sun Solaris, and so on. See also etcissue. Show how long the system has been running load. Finished tests on prototype systems detailed document available on my LinkedIn profile, and additional tests and unofficial benchmarking data will follow later in. Unbound DNS install. The first thing you need to do is install Unbound. We are using the latest release of Unbound v1. Most modern operating. Learn how to build your own gateway firewall using FreeBSD and old PC parts. The firewall will consist of the PF firewall, Snort IDS, various IPS applications. Free Web browsers, freeware Email Programs, FTP client, Newsgroup Readers, Internet chat software, Internet phone software, messaging, telnet, firewalls, etc. CtuTVPYlY/WMjVU9P8WGI/AAAAAAAABs4/qNP3c2C1J7gHCZDKdj0fFMRnq7E76jxjgCLcB/s1600/SquidProxyServerGeneral2.png' alt='Freebsd Install From An Ftp Server Through A Http Proxy Port' title='Freebsd Install From An Ftp Server Through A Http Proxy Port' />Display the IP address of the host. Linux only. man hier Description of the file system hierarchy. Show system reboot history. Freebsd Install From An Ftp Server Through A Http Proxy Port' title='Freebsd Install From An Ftp Server Through A Http Proxy Port' />Directory of hundreds of tools for monitoring and analyzing network traffic. First, enable the RHEL Optional repos yumconfigmanager enable rhel7serveroptionalrpms. Check the repository is enabled with yum repolist after running the. Hardware Informations. Kernel detected hardware. Detected hardware and boot messages. Read BIOSLinux cat proccpuinfo CPU model. Hardware memory. grep Mem. Total procmeminfo Display the physical memory. Watch changeable interrupts continuously. Used and free memory m for MB. Configured devices. Show PCI devices. Show USB devices. Show a list of all devices with their properties. Show DMISMBIOS hw info from the BIOSFree. BSD sysctl hw. model CPU model. Gives a lot of hardware information. CPUs installed. sysctl vm Memory usage. Hardware memory. sysctl a grep mem Kernel memory settings and info. Configured devices. Show PCI devices. Show USB devices. Show ATA devices. Show SCSI devices. Load, statistics and messages. The following commands are useful to find out what is going on on the system. IO statistics 2 s intervals. BSD summary of system statistics 1 s intervals. BSD tcp connections try also ip. BSD active network connections. BSD network traffic through active interfaces. BSD CPU and and disk throughput. System V interprocess. Last 5. 00 kernelsyslog messages. System warnings messages see syslog. Users id Show the active user id with login and group. Show last logins on the system. Show who is logged on the system. Add group admin and user colin LinuxSolaris. Colin Barschel g admin m colin. G lt group lt user Add existing user to group Debian. A lt user lt group Add existing user to group Su. SE. userdel colin Delete user colin LinuxSolaris. Free. BSD add user joe interactive. Free. BSD delete user joe interactive. Use pw on Free. BSD. Add a new member to a group. Colin Barschel g admin m s bintcsh. Encrypted passwords are stored in etcshadow for Linux and Solaris and etcmaster. Free. BSD. If the master. To temporarily prevent logins system wide for all users but root use nologin. The message in nologin will be displayed might not work with ssh pre shared keys. Sorry no login now etcnologin Linux. Sorry no login now varrunnologin Free. BSDLimits. Some application require higher limits on open files and sockets like a proxy. The default limits are usually too low. Linux. Per shellscript. The shell limits are governed by ulimit. The status is checked. For example to change the open files limit from. This is only valid within the shell. The ulimit command can be used in a script to change the limits for the script only. Per userprocess. Login users and applications can be configured in etcsecuritylimits. For example. cat etcsecuritylimits. Limit user processes. Limit application open files. System wide. Kernel limits are set with sysctl. Permanent limits are set in etcsysctl. View all system limits. View max open files limit. Change max open files limit. Permanent entry in sysctl. How many file descriptors are in use. Free. BSDPer shellscript. Use the command limits in csh or tcsh or as in Linux, use ulimit in an sh or bash shell. Per userprocess. The default limits on login are set in etclogin. An unlimited value is still limited by the system maximal value. Kernel limits are also set with sysctl. Permanent limits are set in etcsysctl. The syntax is the same as Linux but the keys are different. View all system limits. XXXX maximum number of file descriptors. Permanent entry in etcsysctl. Typical values for Squid. TCP queue. Better for apachesendmail. How many file descriptors are in use. How many open sockets are in use. Default is 1. 02. See The Free. BSD handbook Chapter 1. And also Free. BSD performance tuninghttp serverfault. Solaris. The following values in etcsystem will increase the maximum file descriptors per proc. Hard limit on file descriptors for a single proc. Soft limit on file descriptors for a single proc. Runlevels. Linux. Once booted, the kernel starts init which then starts rc which starts all scripts belonging to a runlevel. The scripts are stored in etcinit. N. d with N the runlevel number. The default runlevel is configured in etcinittab. It is usually 3 or 5. The actual runlevel can be changed with init. For example to go from 3 to 5. Enters runlevel 5. Shutdown and halt. Single User mode also S2       Multi user without network. Multi user with network. Multi user with X6       Reboot. Use chkconfig to configure the programs that will be started at boot in a runlevel. List all init scripts. Report the status of sshd. Configure sshd for levels 3 and 5. Disable sshd for all runlevels. Debian and Debian based distributions like Ubuntu or Knoppix use the command update rc. Default is to start in 2,3,4 and 5 and shutdown in 0,1 and 6. Activate sshd with the default runlevels. With explicit arguments. Disable sshd for all runlevels. Shutdown and halt the system. Free. BSD. The BSD boot approach is different from the Sys. V, there are no runlevels. The final boot state single user, with or without X is configured in etcttys. All OS scripts are located in etcrc. The activation of the service is configured in etcrc. The default behavior is configured in etcdefaultsrc. The scripts responds at least to startstopstatus. Go into single user mode. Go back to multi user mode. Shutdown and halt the system. Free Domestic Electrical Installation Certificates Of Deposits on this page. Reboot. The process init can also be used to reach one of the following states level. For example init 6 for reboot. Halt and turn the power off signal USR21       Go to single user mode signal TERM6       Reboot the machine signal INTc       Block further logins signal TSTPq       Rescan the ttys5 file signal HUPWindows. Start and stop a service with either the service name or service description shown in the Services Control Panel as follows. WSearch. net start WSearch start search service. Windows Search. net start Windows Search same as above using descr. Reset root password. Linux method 1. At the boot loader lilo or grub, enter the following boot option. The kernel will mount the root partition and init will start the bourne shell. Use the command passwd at the prompt to change the password and then reboot. Forget the single user mode as you need the password for that. If, after booting, the root partition is mounted read only, remount it rw. Free. BSD method 1. On Free. BSD, boot in single user mode, remount rw and use passwd. You can select the single user mode on the boot menu option 4 which is displayed for 1. The single user mode will give you a root shell on the partition. Unixes and Free. BSD and Linux method 2. Other Unixes might not let you go away with the simple init trick. Put the fun back into computing. Use Linux, BSD. Search Distributions. Important Note. Please note that we have put together a series of common search results for people looking for distributions that are beginner friendly, offer UEFI support, Secure Boot support, do not use systemd or that have a Raspberry Pi edition. Clicking any of the above links will take you immediately to the appropriate search results. If you are looking for an article, tutorial or feature, please use our. Article Search page. Package search. Search the Distro. Watch database for distributions using a particular package. If you are looking for a distribution with the latest kernel, select linux from the drop down box below and type the version number into the text box next to it. Please note that the best way to obtain the GNOME version is by searching for nautilus, while KDE Plasma is represented by the plasma desktop package. Apache 2. x is listed as httpd. As for versioning, if no version number is provided, this page will return any recent versions of the selected package. It is also possible to perform searches for distributions which do not contain a specific package. This returns a list of distributions where the given package is not present on the installation media. The package version search offers the ability to search for packages which are close. The second field in the search form allows visitors to switch between. Most people will probably want to use the like option as it will. When no version is specified, like. Have fun and let us know how we can improve the search engine Search by Distribution Criteria Simple Search FormThis section allows you to search for a particular distribution based on certain criteria. Select the criteria from the drop down and check boxes below and hit the Submit Query button to get a list of known distributions that match your choice. Country of origin All. Algeria. Argentina. Australia. Austria. Belgium. Bhutan. Bosnia and Herzegovina. Brazil. Bulgaria. Cambodia. Canada. Chile. China. Cuba. Czech Republic. Denmark. Ecuador. Egypt. Finland. France. Germany. Greece. Guatemala. Hong Kong. Hungary. India. Indonesia. Iran. Ireland. Isle of Man. Israel. Italy. Japan. Jordan. Latvia. Lithuania. Malaysia. Malta. Mexico. Mongolia. Nepal. Netherlands. New Zealand. Nigeria. Norway. Oman. Peru. Philippines. Poland. Portugal. Puerto Rico. Runion. Romania. Russia. Serbia. Singapore. Slovakia. Slovenia. South Africa. South Korea. Spain. Sri Lanka. Sweden. Switzerland. Taiwan. Thailand. Turkey. Ukraine. United Arab Emirates. United Kingdom. USAVenezuela. Vietnam. Based on All. Android. Arch. Cent. OSCRUXDebian. Debian StableDebian TestingDebian UnstableFedora. Free. BSDGentoo. Independent. KDE neon. KNOPPIXLFSMageia. Mandriva. Manjaro. Open. BSDopen. SUSEPCLinux. OSPuppy. Red Hatr. Pathsidux. Slackware. Sli. Taz. Solaris. Ubuntu. Ubuntu LTSTiny Core. Zenwalk. Not based on None. Arch. Cent. OSDebian. Fedora. Free. BSDGentoo. Independent. KDE neon. KNOPPIXLFSMageia. Mandriva. Manjaro. Mint. Open. BSDopen. SUSEPCLinux. OSPuppy. Red Hatr. Pathsidux. Slackware. Sli. Taz. Solaris. Ubuntu. Tiny Core. Zenwalk. Desktop interface All. No desktop. After. Step. Android. Awesome. Blackboxbspwm. Budgie. Cinnamon. Consort. Deepindwm. Enlightenment. Equinox. Firefox. Fluxboxflwm. FVWMGNOMEHackedboxi. Ice. WMion. JWMKDEKDE Plasma. Kodi XBMCLesstif. Lumina. LXDELXQt. MATEMaynard. Metacity. Mezzo. Moblin. Openbox. Pantheon. Pearlpekwm. Ratpoison. Razor qt. SLWMSugar. Trinity. TWMUnity. Web. UIWMaker. WMFSWMIXfce. Architecture Allacorn. Package management All. NoneUnknown. DEBFlatpak. NixGuix. RPMPacman. PETPortage. Snap. TGZTXZRelease model All. Fixed. Semi Rolling. Rolling. Install media size All. Under 1. 00. MBUnder 2. MBUnder 7. 00. MBUnder 2. MBOver 2. 00. 0MBInstall method All. Local. Net Install. Multi language support All. YesOther. Noararabicaragoneseaz. Bengalibgbnbycacatalancncsczdadedk. Dzongkhaeeeneseteufa. Farsififofrgalicianglgr. Gujarati. Hausahehi. Hindihkhrhuid. Igboilinis. ISOitjajpkokrltlv. Malayalammlmnmrmsnb. Nepalinlnnnophplpoptptbr. Punjabirorsrusesisksv. Tamilte. Teluguthtrtwuaukvalencianvn. YorubayuzhzhCNzhTWInit software All. Open. RCRCrunitsystemd. Sys. VUpstart. Not systemd. Other. Status  defined All. Active. Dormant. Discontinued. The following distributions match your criteria sorted by popularity 1. Free. BSD 2. 3Free. BSD is a UNIX like operating system for the i. IA 6. 4, arm, MIPS, powerpc, ppc. PC 9. 8 and Ultra. SPARC platforms based on U. C. Berkeleys 4. BSD Lite release, with some 4. BSD Lite. 2 enhancements. It is also based indirectly on William Jolitzs port of U. C. Berkeleys Net2 to the i. BSD, though very little of the 3. BSD code remains. Free. BSD is used by companies, Internet Service Providers, researchers, computer professionals, students and home users all over the world in their work, education and recreation. Free. BSD comes with over 2. Alpine Linux 5. 9Alpine Linux is a community developed operating system designed for x. VPNs, Vo. IP boxes and servers. It was designed with security in mind it has proactive security features like Pa. X and SSP that prevent security holes in the software to be exploited. The C library used is musl and the base tools are all in Busy. Box. Those are normally found in embedded systems and are smaller than the tools found in GNULinux systems. Clear. OS 6. 2Clear. OS is a small business server operating system with server, networking, and gateway functions. It is designed primarily for homes, small, medium, and distributed environments. It is managed from a web based user interface, but can also be completely managed and tuned from the command line. Clear. OS is available in a free Community Edition, which includes available open source updates and patches from its upstream sources. Clear. OS is also offered in a Home and Business Edition which receives additional testing of updates and only uses tested code for updates. Professional tech support is also available. Currently Clear. OS offers around 1. Clear. OS Marketplace. Vy. OS 1. 05Vy. OS is a community fork of Vyatta, a distribution discontinued in 2. It is a network operating system that provides software based network routing, firewall and VPN functionality. Vy. OS is based on Debian GNULinux and is completely free and open source. Its features include the ability to run on both physical and virtual platforms, and support for para virtual drivers and integration packages for virtual platforms. Sense 1. 06pf. Sense is a free, open source customized distribution of Free. BSD specifically tailored for use as a firewall and router that is entirely managed via web interface. In addition to being a routing platform, pf. Sense includes a long list of related features and a package system which allows further expandability. OPNsense 1. 20OPNsense is a Free. BSD based specialist operating system and a fork of pf. Sense designed for firewalls and routers. It is developed by Deciso B. V. in the Netherlands. Some of the features of OPNsense include forward caching proxy, traffic shaping, intrusion detection, two factor authentication and easy Open. VPN client setup. The projects focus on security brings a number of unique features, such as the option to use Libre. SSL instead of Open. SSL selectable in the GUI and a custom build based on Hardened. BSD. OPNsense also includes an update mechanism that delivers important security updates in a timely fashion.